论矿产开发对土地物权的产权革命——以美国地热动力学公司诉联合石油公司为例

On the Property Revolution of Land Real Right by the Mining——a case study on Geothermal Kinetics Inc.v.the United Oil Co.

研究目的:分析采矿用地与土地所有权冲突问题的根源,阐明现行体制下土、矿制度的不合理之处,提出立法对策和法律制度架构。研究方法:(1)以美国法院的判例为切入点,解析了物权发展的新型制度成果:土地取益权,论述了采矿用地的合法取益性;(2)结合我国立法与司法关于优先权的实践,分析了采矿用地优先权的合理性。研究结果:土地取益权与采矿用地优先权符合我国《物权法》关于土地使用权可合法地与土地所有权分离的创新。研究结论:传统地役权制度不能有效解决采矿用地及其相关权属冲突问题,土地取益权与采矿用地优先权是解决我国矿权一元制与地权二元制冲突的法律途径。

Land ownership is the parent property rights, utilization of land resources promoted the development of property systems, property right bunch was closely related with the socialization of land ownership. Mining right hadl been usufructuary from mineral resources in the land, the two kind resources was a real estate, but there was a different property structure： dual structure of land ownership and unitary of mineral ownership, constructing a reasonable mechanism for a mining land was the only channel to resolve conflicts of interest between land and mineral utilization, profit a prendre of land established by common law was compatible with a breakthrough in our property Law： space use right can be in separation of land ownership, and it provided the institutional solution in land useing for China＇s mining industry.