和谐社会教育公平的基本特征与原则

The Fundamental Features and Principles of Educational Equity in a Harmonious Society

教育公平是能够对人与社会的发展起到积极促进作用的一种资源(权利)分配状态与关系形式。和谐社会教育公平的价值标准既关注弱势群体,又积极淡化与减弱社会性差别。和谐社会中,教育公平原则建构不仅受教育系统内部自身需求因素影响,还会受教育系统外部社会政治、经济以及文化等因素的制约。教育系统内部自身的需求主要是由人的发展需求决定的,其公平原则的建构具有很强的自由主义倾向。教育系统外部公平原则的建构,主要受社会的政治、经济与文化因素的影响,其公平原则的建构具有很强的社群主义倾向。教育系统外部公平主要适用完全平等、比例平等与例外平等原则。教育系统内部公平主要适用人性对待原则、平等对待原则与差别对待原则。

Educational equity refers to the allocation of resources which has a positive effect on the development of human beings and society. Educational equity in a harmonious society pays attention to the disadvantaged minority, but also narrows the gap of social differences. In a harmonious society, the construction of the educational equity principle is impacted by both the internal needs of the education system and the political, economic, and cultural factors outside the system. The internal needs of the education system are decided by the development needs of human beings, thus the construction of its equity principle has a strong tendency of liberalism. By contrast, the construction of the external equity principle is influenced by political, economic and cultural factors. As a result, its construction has a strong tendency of communitarians. The external equity in education system can mainly be applied to principles of complete equality, proportional equality and exception equality, while the internal equity in the system can mainly be applied to the humanitarian principle, equal treatment principle as well as different-situation-different-solution principle.