中学生分层能力信念与心肺功能、身体活动水平和毅力/努力的关系

Relations of secondary school students' hierarchical ability beliefs to their cardiorespiratory fitness,physical activity levels and persistence/effort

本研究旨在考察体育教学中中学生的具体情境能力(自我效能感)、环境能力(能力信念)和整体能力(认知体能),对心肺功能、课堂身体活动水平和毅力/努力的预测效应。研究对象为217名中学生,每隔一天进行一堂40分钟的体育课。研究通过沿用已久的调查问卷评价学生在体育课中的自我效能感、能力信念、认知能力信念和毅力/努力,使用计步器测量课堂身体活动水平,以及采用递增速度有氧耐力跑测试其心肺功能。通过相关分析,得出能力信念与三项指标显著相关:首先,运用回归分析得出自我效能感对中学生心肺功能影响显著,此结果也反映出中学生课堂的身体活动水平。其次能力信念与中学生的毅力/努力呈显著相关。因此自我效能感是中学生心肺功能和身体活动水平的主要影响因素,而能力信念对中学生毅力/努力的作用最为显著。

This study examined the predictive strengths of secondary students＇ situational-specific ability beliefs（self-efficacy）,contextual ability beliefs（competence beliefs） and global ability beliefs（perceived physical ability） on their cardiovascular fitness,in-class physical activity levels and persistence/effort in physical education,and got three outcomes.Participants were 217 middle school children who took a 40-minute PE class on alternate days.Self-efficacy,competence beliefs,perceived ability beliefs and persistence/effort in PE were measured by well-established questionnaires;in-class physical activity levels through Walker Pedometers;and cardiovascular fitness through the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run（PACER） test.Correlation analyses indicated all ability beliefs were significantly related to the three outcomes.Regression analyses yielded that self-efficacy emerged as the sole significant predictor for cardiovascular fitness beyond the contributions of children＇s prior cardiovascular fitness scores.This belief also significantly predicted children＇s in-class physical activity levels.However,competence beliefs was the only significant predictor for children＇s persistence/effort.The findings suggest that self-efficacy was the best predictor of their cardiovascular fitness and physical activity levels.However,competence beliefs made more contribution to the prediction of children＇s persistence/effort.