2株气单胞菌属毒死蜱降解菌的分离与鉴定

Isolation and Identification of Aeromona Bacteria with Ability to Degrade Chlorpyrifos

为治理环境中的农药污染提供依据,从长期施用有机磷农药的土壤中筛选出特殊细菌,采用细菌学、形态学、生理生化及分子系统学进行鉴定,以特异性引物扩增分离菌株的16S rRNA基因,经克隆测序后比对其相似性。结果表明:筛选出的2株菌细菌均为革兰氏阴性菌,均可产生接触酶,有还原硝酸盐的能力,能发酵麦芽糖、并使明胶液化,可在中盐环境中生长,2株菌为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)。经克隆测序后比对,与气单胞菌属相应基因的相似性为99%,对毒死蜱的降解力为21%左右,为中等强度的降解菌。2株嗜水气单胞菌降解毒死蜱的机理可能有一定的特殊性,可作为清除环境中毒死蜱等有机磷农药的候选菌株。

To provide references for pesticide pollution in the environment,two bacteria strains were isolated from the soil samples polluted by organophosphorus pesticides chlorpyrifos for a long time,the characteristics of the two isolates were investigated using bacteriology,physiology and biochemistry combined with molecular phylogenetic methods.The results showed that the isolated organism was gram negative,the strains utilized maltose and reduced nitrated and liquified gelatin,and could grow in middle saline environment.The similarity of 16S rDNA seuqence was up to 99 % with that of Aeromonas by a specific polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.They were capable to degrade chlorpyrifos with content of 21 %,which ranked at medium grade compared with other strains.It suggested that the two isolated Aeromonas hydrophila strains might possess other genes to degrade chlorpyrifos.The isolated Aeromonas hydrophila strains could be candidates to eliminate the environment pollution by organophosphorus pesticides such as chlorpyrifos.