论萨维尼法人代理说的政治旨趣和知识谱系

On Political Purport and Knowledge Pedigree of Savigny's Vertretertheorie

代理说将法人团体视为一个需要他人监护的法律残废,法人代表者是法人的监护人,代表者的人格与法人人格相互独立、相互平行,代表者直接承担国家法上的侵权和刑事责任,法人的终极监护权掌握在国家手中。从私法角度论,代理说的真正基础是法定代理。从政治旨趣上说,萨维尼的代理说建立于其对社团自治的悲观和拒斥态度之上,是其全能国家观念的体现,是当时德国诸侯割据政治的曲折反映。就知识谱系而言,代理说与当时流行的政治观念息息相通,它们的灵感来源都是罗马家父制。

In the Vertretertheorie theory,a corporation is deemed a legal invalidity while the corporate representative serves as its guardian whose personality is parallel to and independent of the corporate personality.The representative shall directly bear tortious and criminal liabilities under state law while the ultimate guardianship of corporations is in the hand of the state.Viewed from the private law,Vertretertheorie is actually rooted in legal agency.The political purport reveals that Savigny＇s Vertretertheorie is based on his pessimism over and rejection of corporate self-governance,an embodiment of his idea of total state and an indirect reflection of German politics of the time.As to knowledge pedigree,Vertretertheorie and the then prevalent political idea shares a common knowledge pedigree – paterfamilias system of Roman law.