美国医疗保险照顾计划及其对我国的启示

Medicare(United States) and Its Inspiration to China

在现代保险法制中,健康保险是一个新兴的领域。与欧洲、日本等以国家为主导的健康保险法制建设不同,美国采取的是一种公私混合的多元化模式,即以商业健康保险为主,以政府主办健康保险为辅,并为此制定了一系列的法律、法规,形成了一个比较完善的健康保险法律体系。而在政府主办的健康保险事业中,1965年推出的医疗保险照顾计划(Medicare)处在核心的地位。本文就医疗保险照顾计划的由来、主要内容、实施效果以及对中国的启示作了详细论述,对借鉴美国医疗保险照顾计划、克服我国在老年人和残疾人健康保险上的问题以及如何改进等,提出了思路。

In modern insurance law,health insurance is a novel subject.Different from European countries and Japan where health insurance is subject to state governance,the United States has adopted a mode with a mixture of a variety of public and private elements,i.e.,with commercial health insurance as the pivot supplemented by government-administered ones.And there a series of relevant laws and regulations have been enacted forming a relatively perfect legal system of health insurance.In terms of health insurance plans administered by the government,the Medicare program formulated in 1965 is in the core position.In this paper,the origin,contents,practical consequences and enlightenment of the program are to be detailed,and the issues concerning how to learn from Medicare and how to better provide health insurance coverage to the aged and disabled in China are also examined.