论牛顿运动三定律的独立性与内在逻辑自洽一致性

The Independence and Consistency of Inner Logic of Newton's Laws

牛顿力学在经典物理中是相当成熟的典范,在《自然哲学的数学原理》中牛顿用八个定义、四个注释、三个定律和六个推论建立了牛顿力学的公理化体系,但牛顿力学也是一直争论不休、不断发展和不断完善的科学。最近发表的《论接触体间牛顿第三定律的可演绎性》,断言牛顿第三定律不独立可由第二定律推演得出,以及早先争论的第一定律只是第二定律的特殊情况,第一定律中存在逻辑循环,第一定律不构成基础和独立的规律等等。于此,讨论牛顿运动三定律的各自独立性与内在逻辑自洽一致性。

Newtonian Mechanics is a very mature mode in classical physics. In Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Newton uses eight definitions, four notes, three laws and six corollaries to establish the axiomatic system of Newtonian Mechanics. However, Newtonian Mechanics is always on debate, development and improvement. Recently published Discussion on Dedactibility of Newton＇s Third Law of Contact Bodies asserts that the third law is not independent and can be drawn by the second law, the first law is a special case of the third law, there is a logical cycle in the first law, and the first law does not constitute a basis. Based on this, this article discusses their own independence of Newton three laws and their self- consistent inner logic consistency.