工业化时代的手工技艺传承——以福州脱胎漆器厂为例

The Inheritance of Handicrafts in the Age of Industrialization——To Take the Factory of Fuzhou Bodiless Lacquerware for an Axample

福州脱胎漆器厂是工业化时代手工技艺的生产机构,它采用行政化的管理方式,组织了工厂流水线的生产模式,将分散于民间的生产人员整合起来,并用大规模授课教学的方法培养了大批新技术人员。漆器厂对于人才与技艺的整合和推广有明显成效,但在对文化不够重视的大环境下,漆器厂在文化传承方面的弊端也是不可忽视的。漆器厂的经验启示我们,当下应当在尊重文化的观念下建立一个适宜文化保护的空间,同时,传承人应该发挥主体作用树立行业内部的权威,在传承活动中采用带徒传艺的方式将适于手工技艺的有效传承。

The Factory of Fuzhou Bodiless Laequerware is a craftsmanship producing factory in the times of industrialization, which adopts executive management methods and uses the production mode of assembly line. It gathers the scattered civilian produetion personnel and trains them into technicians by massive teaching. The factory has effectively integrated and promoted talents and skills, but it does not function well in euhural inberitanee. Some lessons can be drawn from the factory. Firstly, tradi- tional culture should be respected and an environment favorable for the traditional culture protection should be created. Besides, the heritor should play a principal role in the cultural inberitanee and establish his authority. Lastly, the approach that master craftsmen guide apprentices is an effective way to carry forward handicrafts.