新中国成立以来我国婚姻匹配模式的变迁

The Evolution of Assortative Mating Patterns in the Process of China's Modernization

伴随着工业化和现代化的进程,我国婚配模式也经历了变迁。本文利用2006年中国综合社会调查数据,分析了在新中国成立以来婚配模式的变迁,检验了工业化理论对我国婚配模式演变的解释效力。研究发现,我国各时期的婚姻匹配模式主要表现为不同社会特征群体的同类婚;此外,各时期的异质性婚配现象呈现明显的对称性。不同社会特征婚姻匹配强度的变化趋势部分印证了工业化理论,自致性特征在婚姻匹配中的重要性不断上升,而先赋性因素的重要性则经历了一个先降后升的过程。对同类婚和异质婚具体形式的进一步分析发现,不同社会阶层的边界可渗透性在各时期存在明显差异,相应的同类婚和异质婚现象也呈现不同的特点。

Drawing data from the CGSS2006, this paper examines the phenomenon and evolution of assortative mating patterns in China during the past several decades. Results show that the main pattern of China's assortative mating is the prevalence of homogamy across various social groups. In the case of heterogamous marriages, significant symmetrical patterns are observed. The assortative mating patterns in China evolve over time during the past half century, which provides partial support to the industrialization theory: along with China's industrialization and modernization, the achieved characteristics have been increasingly important in the mating selection process, while the importance of the ascribed features had been declining until the 1990s, and then started to rise again since the early 1990s, due to the rising uncertainty along with deeper marketization and modernization. Finally, further analysis shows that the likelihood of homogamy/heterogamy for specific subgroups varied substantially in the past several decades.