英国语义学研究的历史传统与发展趋势(上)——从经验主义意义理论到逻辑实证主义语义学的演变路径

The Historical Tradition and Development Trends of British Semantics——The Evolutionary Path from the Empirical Theory of Meaning to the Semantics of Logical Positivism

英国语义学研究所具有的经验主义传统和科学理性思维在16世纪之后的各个历史时期都得到了传承和延续,并且结合不同时代的哲学主题和哲学取向呈现出各具差异的表征方式。从最早洛克在客观经验论基础上对于意义问题的揭示与提出到随后贝克莱和休谟从主观经验论的分析路径出发对语义学问题的持续关注,从19世纪斯宾塞和穆勒实证主义、经验论立场的捍卫与坚持到罗素、维特根斯坦和艾耶尔等人逻辑实证主义语义学主张的正式确立,英国语义学由此完成了从近代语义学研究向语义学现代性的历史转换。

The empiricist tradition and the thought of scientific reason in the study of British semantics have been passed down since the 16th century and have taken on various representation modes with different philosophical themes and orientations in different times.From J.Locke＇s putting forward the problem of meaning and interpreting it on the basis of objective empiricism to the continuous attention to semantic problems from the path of subjective empiricism by G.Berkeley and D.Hume,from the defense and persistence of positivism and empirical standpoint by H.Spencer and J.S.Mill in the 19th century to the official establishment of logical positivism＇s semantic program by B.Russell,A.J.Ayer and Wittgenstein,British semantics achieved a historical transformation from latter-day semantics to the modernity of semantics.