旧膜再利用对土壤温度及向日葵生育进程和产量的影响

Effects of Re-used Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Temperature and Sunflower's Growth,Development and Yield in Hetao Area

针对普通地膜覆盖导致的农田土壤污染,可降解地膜成本高和效果差,在农业生产中仍得不到广泛应用的现实问题,在河套流域临河区以覆膜玉米后茬种植模式,进行了旧膜、新膜及露地栽培向日葵对比试验,研究旧膜再利用对土壤温度和向日葵生育进程及产量的影响。结果表明,在向日葵的生长前后期,旧膜对土壤增温作用的影响显著,新旧膜对向日葵各个生育阶段的增温作用均表现为:出苗期>现蕾期>收获期>始花期>终花期。整个生育期5cm土层总积温,旧膜比露地高229.5℃,低于新膜101℃。旧膜比露地生育期缩短5～6d,差异显著,较新膜延长2d,差异不显著,其中对出苗期、现蕾期、收获期影响显著,对始花期、终花期影响不显著,新旧膜之间无显著差异。相关分析结果表明,旧膜和新膜与露地的各生育阶段经历的时间差与该阶段的土壤积温差呈显著负相关。旧膜再利用栽培向日葵的产量较露地增产极显著,与新膜相比,无显著差异。

Aiming at reducing agricultural pollution caused by plastic film, and the degradable film is not applicable in agriculture instead of plastic film because it＇ s very expensive and not very effective on crop production, the effects of re-used plastic film mulching on soil temperatures and sunflower＇ s growth and development, and the rela-tionship between these were studied through comparison of the field with the plastic film and open field in Hetao region. The results showed：re-used plastic film mulching could increase the soil temperatures in sunflower field at earlier and later development stages,with the warming effect was：sowing stage 〉 seedling stage 〉 maturing stage 〉 blooming stage 〉 after flowering stage;re-used film was 229.5℃ higher than open field, 101℃ lower than that of the field covered with new film in effective accumulated temperatures during all stages in the soil depth of 5cm; meanwhile,growth period of re-used film was significant 5 -6 days earlier than open field and 2 days later than plastic film; the yield of the field with re-used film was higher ly lower than that of with new film by 2.6% to 4.9%. These significantly than open field by 9.6% to 15% ,slightfindings indicated re-used film could also enhance the soil temperatures and shorten sunflower＇ s growth and development time and increase the yield of sunflower.