不同地区大气PM2.5对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞毒性作用的实验研究

Experimental Study on Toxic Effects to Rat Alveolar Macrophages by Particulate Matter from Different Chinese Cities

目的比较不同地区大气PM2.5对肺泡巨噬细胞的毒性作用。方法采集广州市、东莞市、深圳市和肇庆市4个地区的大气PM2.5,将PM2.5分别以1、10、50、100、200、300μg/ml剂量对肺泡巨噬细胞染毒24 h。检测一氧化氮(NO)释放量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)生成量、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出率及细胞存活率。以肇庆作为对照,观察PM2.5对各指标的影响。经剂量与效应指标回归分析,以斜率评价各地区PM2.5的效应大小。结果不同地区大气PM2.5致肺泡巨噬细胞释放TNF-α、NO、MDA的水平和LDH的漏出率均随着染毒剂量增加而升高,SOD的活力和细胞的存活率随染毒剂量升高而降低。深圳和东莞大气PM2.5对肺泡巨噬细胞胞内的SOD活力的抑制程度高于广州和肇庆(P<0.05)。深圳和东莞大气PM2.5致肺泡巨噬细胞内MDA的生成量明显高于肇庆(P<0.05)。广州大气PM2.5致肺泡巨噬细胞生成TNF-α量最高,其次为东莞,均明显高于肇庆(P<0.05)。广州大气PM2.5致肺泡巨噬细胞内LDH的漏出率最高,其次为东莞和深圳,均高于肇庆(P<0.05)。剂量高于100μg/ml时,广州、深圳和东莞大气PM2.5致肺泡巨噬细胞存活率低于肇庆(P<0.05)。回归分析显示,广州大气PM2.5对肺泡巨噬细胞的TNF-α、LDH漏出率、NO释放量的效应最强,肇庆大气PM2.5对肺泡巨噬细胞的LDH漏出率、NO释放量和细胞存活率的效应最低。结论不同地区大气PM2.5对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞的毒性作用随染毒剂量增加而增强,广州、东莞、深圳地区大气PM2.5的毒性效应总体上强于肇庆地区。

Objective To compare the toxic effects on rats alveolar macrophages by particulate matter sampled from different regions. Methods Airborne particulate matter PM2.5 was collected in four cities in the Pearl River Delta region in 2009, among those cities, the PM from Zhaoqing was taken as the control. The cells （rat alveolar macrophages） were exposed to the PM2.5 at dose of 1, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μg/ml respectively for 24 h, and then NO production, SOD activity, MDA and TNF-α production, LDH release, and viability of the cells （MTT） were measured. Results The NO, MDA and TNF-α production and LDH release increased, SOD and MTT decreased with the increase in dose of PM which was observed in every city samples. Compared between cities, the PM2.5 in Shenzhen and Dongguan inhibited SOD more seriously than those in Guangzhou and Zhaoqing （P〈0.05）. The PM2.5 in Shenzhen and Dongguan produced more MDA than that in the control （P〈 0.05）. PM2.5 in Guangzhou caused the highest release of TNF-α, next was Dongguan. The PM in Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen resulted in more LDH release. When particulate dose was higher than 100 μg/ml, the cell survival rates caused by Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen PM were significantly lower compared with the control （P〈0.05）. The effect by the Guangzhou particulate was at the highest among toxicological measures of TNF-α, LDH, NO and MTT, while such effect of the Zhaoqing particulate was at lowest level regarding NO, LDH and MTY, as regression analysis showed. Conclusion The PM from the investigated cities has toxic effect on rat alveolar macrophages with a dose -dependent manner, and the PM from Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan produced more serious effects than that from Zhaoqing.