磷酸法活化煤焦油渣制备活性炭研究

Preparation of activated carbon from coal tar residue by chemical activation with phosphoric acid

研究了以陕西煤焦油渣作为原料,用磷酸作为活化剂,在400～1000℃的条件下经一步炭活化法制备活性炭。研究了炭活化温度、时间、料剂比对煤焦油渣制备活性炭吸附性能及孔结构的影响。实验结果表明炭活化温度、炭活化时间主要影响活性炭产品的得率,高温和长时间会导致更多的碳损失;活性炭的吸附性能及孔结构主要受炭活化温度和料剂比影响。最佳活化工艺条件为850℃、3h、1∶3。通过其活性炭表面孔径分布及表面官能团含量变化表征,用磷酸浸泡煤焦油渣制备活性炭有利于大、中孔结构的产生,其最佳活化条件下孔径分布约在20～100nm。

Studying on the activated carbon was prepared from coal tar residue by phosphoric acid carbonization and activation with one stage at the condition of 400-1000℃,which sampled in Shaanxi province.Taking the temperature and time of carbonization and activation,the ratio of material to phosphoric acid as influencing factor,researching the effect of them on absorption and pore structure.The results revealed that the yield of activated carbon was affected by the temperature and time of carbonization and activation mainly,the active agent adsorption property and pore structure was affected by the temperature of carbonization and activation and the ratio of material to phosphoric acid,high temperature and long time will lead to more carbon loss.Experimental results show that the optimized process for preparation of activation is 850℃,3h,1∶3.Through measuring the properties of activated carbon including the pore size distribution as well as the surface functional group indicated that,soaking coal tar residue with phosphoric acid is benefit to produce more large and medium pore structure on activated carbon.The pore size distribution of coal tar residue activation carbon is about 20-100nm.