农业旱灾脆弱性的特殊生成机制与化解路径

The Special Formation Mechanism and Resolution Path of Agricultural Drought Vulnerability

农业旱灾脆弱性程度决定了干旱灾害的生成和强度,探讨农业旱灾脆弱性的特殊生成机制对防旱抗旱具有非常重要的意义。农业灾害脆弱性受微观、中观和宏观三方面因素的影响。微观因素方面主要由农户、农业保险公司和政府的行为所致;中观因素方面主要是因为意识形态的宣传教育制度、旱灾风险管理与保险制度、农业灾害补偿制度、农业保险补贴制度和农业保险监管制度的缺失或者不完善;宏观因素方面主要包括气候环境因素、市场因素、行为因素和法律因素。文章认为,化解农业旱灾脆弱性应从三个方面努力:增强农户、农业保险公司和政府行为的协调与适应性,加强农业旱灾脆弱性制度创新及推进自然、经济与社会的一体化发展。

The agricultural drought vulnerability determines the formation and intensity of drought hazards. Researching into the particular formation mechanism of agricultural drought vulnerability has very important significance. This paper expounded the special formation mechanism of agricultural drought vulnerability from microcosmic, medium and macroscopic three perspectives. First, the paper analyzed the behaviors of farmers, agricultural insurance companies and government three micro-main bodies. Second, the paper thoroughly dissected the deep system root of agricultural drought vulnerability from medium perspective. Third, the paper analyzed the macroscopic environment generating agricultural drought vulnerability from several aspects, such as climate environment, market, human behavior and legal. Based on the analyses, the paper proposed the corresponding solutions from microcosmic, medium and macroscopic three perspectives： the coordination and adaptation of three micro-main bodies; the system innovation dissolving agricultural drought vulnerability; the integration development among nature, economy and social.