糖尿病性黄斑水肿的局部药物治疗研究进展

Research advances in local drug treatment for diabetic macular edema

目前治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）的药物多以玻璃体腔给药为主.皮质类固醇和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）拮抗剂是目前临床上最常用的两类药物,肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α拮抗剂和非甾体类消炎药在一些小规模的临床试验中也显示有一定的疗效；西罗莫司、iCo-007、RNA干扰（RNAi）药物等新药和一些全身用药也有相关的报道.眼内植入装置的问世为眼后段疾病的治疗带来了革命性的变化,Ⅰ-vation、Retisert、Iluvien和Posurdex已经在治疗DME的临床试验中证实了其有效性和安全性,但仍需进一步的评估.

Until recently,pharmacologic agents treating diabetic macular edema （DME） required intravitreal injection. The most common agents used in the clinic are corticosteroids and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） antagonists.The less common drug classifications such as TNF-αantagonists and NAISDs have shown certain effects in some small-scale clinical research.Results of new medications,which include sirolimos,iCo-007,and RNAi drugs and some systemic medications were also reported.The appearance of sustained-release intraocular implants offer new approaches to treat diseases of the ocular posterior segment.Ⅰ-vation, Retisert, Iluvien and Posurdex have shown good results in the clinical research of DME treatment,which still need further evaluations to ensure effectiveness and safety.