军团病诊断方法研究进展

Advancement of Legionnaires disease＇s diagnostic methods

军团病是由军团菌引起的一种疾病，该疾病无特异的临床表现及影像学表现，容易被忽视，且军团菌菌属种类繁多。目前该疾病的诊断技术有细菌分离培养、血清学抗体检测、直接免疫荧光染色、尿抗原检测及分子生物学方法，包括常规PCR、多重PCR、套式PCR、半套式PCR、PCR探针法、PCR-ELISA法、real-time PCR等技术，上述方法各有优、缺点。军团病的诊断方法仍是目前研究重点，临床中可采用几种方法的联合诊断，提高准确性，减少误诊及漏诊。

Legionnaires disease is caused by Legionella bacteria. It doesn＇t have specific clinical manifestations and imaging performances. Legionella are very complex. Currently, diagnostic methods of this disease are bacteria isolation, serum antibodies detection,direct immunofluorescence staining, urinary antigen detection, molecular biological methods and so on. The molecular biological technologies included conventional PCR, multiplex PCR, nested PCR, semi-nested PCR, PCR probe, PCR-ELISA method and real-time PCR. All methods have advantages and disadvantages. Today, diagnostic methods of Legionnaires disease are also important. Cinical diagnosis combined in several ways can improve accuracy, reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.