公路建设对滩涂围垦区湿地生态环境影响研究——以福建省莆田市为例

On the Effect of Road Construction to the Wetland Ecological Environment in Tidal Flat Reclamation Area:A Case of Putian City,Fujian Province

本文以莆田地区的公路建设项目为例,对公路建设带来的沿海滩涂围垦区人工湿地生态环境影响进行评价。现状调查显示:1)拟建工程影响的人工湿地与海洋联系紧密,生态安全相当重要;2)拟建工程影响的人工湿地鸟类生物多样性较高;3)拟建工程影响的人工湿地水生生物和陆生植物及植被的多样性较低。研究结果表明,尽管拟建公路以桥梁形式跨越人工湿地,但对生态环境仍有一定影响,影响包括:1)鸟类受景观污染和噪声影响,生物多样性将降低;2)公路建设和营运对人工湿地的生态安全将产生影响,并污染围垦区外海洋;3)公路建设和营运可能带来外来入侵植物;研究认为建设单位必须针对鸟类和外来物种采取保护和补偿措施,并做好风险防范措施,保障湿地生态系统安全。研究对目前滩涂围垦区内的各种建设项目生态环境影响评价工作有一定的借鉴和参考价值。

This paper selects the road construction project on Putian city to analyze the wetland eco-environmental impact on tidal flat reclamation area by road construction project. Survey shows that： 1 ） the ecological security of the constructed wetland impacted by planned road is very important as the wetland is closely connected with marine ;2）The bird bio-diversity of the constructed wetland impacted by planned road is abundant; 3 ） the aquatic bio-diversity, the terrestrial plant bio-diversity and the vegetation bio-diversity of the constructed wetland impacted by planned road are lower. The results show that the planned road construction project will impact the eco-environment of the constructed wetland, although it crosses constructed wetland with bridges. The effects include ： 1 ） Bird bio-diversity will be reduced by noise and landscape pollution ; 2） Road construction and operation will impact the wetland ecological security, pollute marine outside the reclamation area; 3 ） Road construction and operation may bring exotic plant invasion to the constructed wetland. Studies suggest that the construction unit must take protection and compensation measures for birds and exotic plant invasion, and take risk prevention measures, to guarantee the constructed wetland ecological security. The study is guided to wetland eeo-environmental impact evaluating on tidal flat reclamation area by various construction project.