基于DEA模型的中国星级饭店业经营效率评估

Research on the Business Efficiency Evaluation of the Star Grade Hotels Based on DEA Model

星级饭店经营效率的评估是一个涉及多投入与多产出的问题。EDA模型则是解决类似多投入与多产出效率问题的方法,在多个领域都有应用。文章运用DEA模型,对中国星级饭店业在1999—2008年这10年期间经营效率进行了评估分析。选取星级饭店数、床位数、固定资产等3项投入指标与营业收入、住宿人天数两项产出指标,运用EMS1.3专业软件对各输入输出数据进行综合分析,得到每个决策单元(DMU)综合效率的数量指标,据此将各DMU定级排序,确定有效的DMU,并指出其他DMU非有效的原因和程序。研究结果显示:1)这10年间中国星级饭店业综合效率呈现波动状态;2)整体来讲处于规模报酬递减阶段;3)存在严重的投入冗余与产出不足现象。

The business efficiency evaluation of the star grade hotel is a complex job, because its economic efficiency is a multiple input and multiple output problems. The DEA model is a method to solve this problem and it is applied in a number of fields. This article researched on the efficiency evaluation of the star hotels from 1999 to 2008 with DEA model. The article selected three inputs and two outputs indicators. With the EMS1.3 software it had a comprehensive analysis, and got the comprehensive efficiency of quantitative index. Then according to the DMU classification sorting, it identified the effective DMU and pointed out the other DMU which is invalid. The results show that： the star-rated hotels comprehensive efficiency was in fluctuated state during this decade; it was in the stage of decreasing returns to scale;there were serious input redundancy and output deficiency.