1Findley I, Chamberlain G. ABC of labour care: relief of pain[J]. BMJ,1999,318(3) :927-930.
2Bonica J J, Chadwick HS. Labour pain [M].//Wall PD. Test-book of pain. 2 nd ed. New York : Churchill Living Stone, 1996 :482-499.
3ACOG Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion, number 269, February 2002. Analgesia and cesarean delivery rates. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists[J]. Obstet Gynecol,2002,99( 1 ) :69-70.
4Malone FD,C, eary M, Chelmow D,et al. Prolonged labor in nulliparas:lessons from the active management of labor[J]. Obstet Gynecol, 1996,88(2) :211-215.
5Thorp JA, Hu DH, Albin RM, et al. The effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on nulliparous labor: a randomized, controlled, prospective trial[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1993,169(4) :851-858.
6Chen LK, Hsu HW, Lin C J, et al. Effects of epidural fentanyl on labor pain during the early period of the first stage of induced labor in nulliparous women[ J]. J Formos Med Assoc ,2000,99 :549-553.
7Chestnut DH, McGrath JM, Vincent RD, et al. Does early administration of epidural analgesia affect obstetric outcome in nulliparous women who are in spontaneous labor? [J]. Anesthesiology, 1994,80(6) :1201-1208.
8Blair JM, Hill DA, Fee JPH. Patient-controlled analgesia for labour using remifentanil: a feasibility study [J]. Br J Anaesth,2001,87(3) : 415-420.
9Volmanen P,Akural E, Raudaskoski T, et al. Comparison of remifentanil and nitrous oxide in labour analgesia [J]. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2005,49 ( 4 ) :453-458.
10Blair JM,Dobson GT,Hill DA, et al. Patient controlled analgesia for labour: a comparison of remifentanil with pethidine[ J].Anaesthesia,2005,60( 1 ) :22-27.
