对外开放与发展中国家的收入不平等:基于亚洲和拉美国家的比较研究

Openness and Income Inequality of Developing Countries:Based on Comparison of Asia and Latin America from 1960 to 2005

本文基于要素禀赋理论,在将劳动力划分为低、中、高技能三类的基础上,选取亚洲和拉丁美洲部分发展中国家1960-2005年的数据,建立非平衡面板模型,分析两地区的开放对国内收入分配的影响。实证结果表明,亚洲和拉丁美洲发展中国家的对外开放确实对国内收入不平等起到推动作用。目前的开放有利于中等技能劳动力相对丰裕的发展中国家,而不利于低技能劳动力相对丰裕的国家。总体的贸易依存度对拉美不平等的推动作用更大,但外资对亚洲不平等的推动作用更大;制造业出口倾向于扩大拉美国家的收入差距而缩小亚洲国家的收入差距。

Based on factor endowment theory and three skill categories, this paper uses the unbalanced panel data from 1960 to 2005 to compare the effect of openness on income inequality in developing countries of Asia and Latin America. The results show that openness raises income inequalities both in Asian and Latin American developing countries. The present international division pattern is of more benefit to mid-skilled labor abundant countries than unskilled labor abundant ones. The aggregate trade dependence contributes more to increase Latin America＇ s inequality, while FDI does more to increase Asia＇ s inequality. And manufacture export is likely to increase inequality in Latin American developing countries, but decreases inequality in Asian developing countries.