中国对外贸易隐含碳的测度研究——基于碳排放责任界定的视角

CO_2 Emissions Embodied in China’s International Trade:A Perspective of Allocating International Responsibilities

贸易自由化对气候变化的影响已引起国内外学术界的普遍关注。本文采用投入产出法,考虑进口中间投入产品的影响后,建立经济模型,分析我国进出口贸易中的隐含碳,其中特别注重对再出口贸易和部门分解的分析。结果表明:2007年,我国生产隐含碳比消费隐含碳高4.53%,净出口隐含碳达2.98亿吨。我国的CO2排放贸易条件是0.93,这说明我国单位出口的碳排放强度小于单位进口的碳排放强度,国际贸易总体上来说有利于中国的节能减排。"通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业"是出口隐含碳最多的部门,进口隐含碳最多的部门是"化学工业"。隐含碳贸易顺差最大的部门是"纺织业",逆差最大的部门是"石油和天然气开采业"。"化学工业"、"金属冶炼及压延加工业"和"通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业"是再出口隐含碳最多的三个部门,说明这些部门有很大一部分产品属于加工贸易,两头在外的贸易模式对我国进出口隐含碳有较大的影响。最后,根据结论提出了政策建议。

The effect of trade on climate change attracts wide attentions. Us- ing the input-output analysis, this paper estimates the CO2 emissions embodied in China＇ s imports and exports. The results show that China＇ s emissions from production exceeded those from consumption by 4.53%. The emission embodied in trade balance was 298 million tons. Each unit earned in exports embodied less CO2 than that spend on imports, so China could benefit from the international trade. The biggest sector of emission embodied in exports was ＂electrical machinery ＆ apparatus＂. The biggest sector of emission embodied in imports was ＂chemicals＂ . Then, conclusions and policy implications are put forward.