利用SNP标记进行北京地区中国荷斯坦牛亲子推断的研究

Parentage Inference with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in the Chinese Holstein in Beijing

本研究旨在利用SNP标记对北京地区中国荷斯坦牛群进行亲子推断,并分析场、母牛出生年月、公牛家系对系谱错误率的影响,以期为指导奶牛育种和生产管理提供依据。共选取了255个最小等位基因频率大于0.45的高多态SNPs标记,利用似然法,采用Cervus3.0软件对北京地区84头荷斯坦公牛和1 927头母牛进行亲子推断研究。结果显示,试验群体平均系谱错误率为20.9%,不同的场、出生年份和月份的母牛的系谱错误率有显著差异(P<0.05),而各公牛家系间系谱错误率差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果说明,错误系谱的发生主要是由于牛场本身记录不完善造成的。在我国亟需建立利用遗传标记监测、校正系谱准确性的制度,采取措施提高系谱的准确性,加快我国荷斯坦牛遗传改良进程。

The aim of this study were to use single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） markers for parentage inference in the Chinese Holstein, to discuss the effects of herd, birth year and birth month of the cow, sire family on the pedigree error rate, and to guide the cattle breeding and management. 255 highly polymorphic SNP markers, with the average minor allele frequency （MAF） over 0.45, were used for parentage inference among 84 Chinese Holstein bulls and 1 927 cows in Beijing. The analysis was carried out by the Cervus3. 0 software adopting likelihood method. The average pedigree error rate was 20.9% in the experimental population. Moreover, the pedigree error rate among different herds, birth year and birth month of the cow were significantly different （P〈O. 05）, while there was no significant difference among sires（P〉0. 05）Therefore, the occurrenee of pedigree error was mainly due to the poor management in the dairy herds. It is very neeessary to establish pedigree supervision and eorrection system and take measures to improve the pedigree accuracy, which would speed up the process of dairy genetic improvement in China.