局部无水酒精注射诱导家犬股骨头坏死的实验研究

Animal models of femoral head osteonecrosis induced by absolute ethanol injection in canine

[目的]观察局部无水酒精注射法建立家犬早期股骨头坏死模型的有效性。[方法]选取健康成年家犬18只,体重15～18 kg,两侧股骨头分别设立实验组和空白对照组,实验组行股骨头脱位和无水酒精注射处理,注射剂量为6 ml,术后分别于2、3、4周行X线片和CT扫描检查,并取材进行组织学观察,比较两组的空骨陷窝率,并进行统计学分析。[结果]术后2～4周,实验组股骨头均表现出不同程度的坏死,X线片显示关节面软骨下出现带状低密度影与伴行的带状高密度影,髋关节轴位CT平扫显示实验侧股骨头关节面下出现低密度区域,周围有斑块状硬化灶。无水酒精注射部位组织学显示部分骨小梁断裂、骨陷窝变空虚、髓腔内造血细胞减少、脂肪细胞变性坏死,LSD-t检验显示各时间点实验组空骨陷窝发生率明显高于空白对照组(P<0.05),除2只家犬外(1只术后第3 d死亡,1只术后因股骨头脱位予以剔除),16只家犬(89%)均出现明显的股骨头早期坏死。[结论]局部无水酒精注射法可以成功诱导家犬股骨头坏死,该方法可作为建立大动物早期股骨头坏死模型的有效方法。

[ Objective] To observe the effectiveness of animal models of femoral head osteonecrosis induced by absolute ethanol injection in canine. [Methods] Eighteen aduh mongrel dogs weighing between 15 and 18 kg were used. The femoral head on one side was randomized to operated group and, the other to control group. The operated femoral head was dislocated and injected with 6 ml absolute ethanol. X - ray , CT and histological examination were performed at 2, 3, 4 weeks after operation. [ Results] Almost every operated femoral head showed obvious evidence of osteonecrosis. X - ray examination showed that there were belts of low bone mineral density below the articular surface of the operated femoral head, paralleled with belts of high bone mineral density. CT examination showed an area of low bone mineral density below the articular surface, around it were several areas of sclerosis. The histological changes showed fractured trabeculae, decreased hematopoietic cells, destroyed adipocytes and empty lacunae at the injected area. The LSD - t test showed that the percentage of empty lacunae in operated group was higher than in control group （P 〈0. 05） . Of the animals, 16 （89%） dogs showed evidence of osteonecrosis similar to the early stage of human osteonecrosis of the femoral head. [ Conclusion ] Animal models of the femoral head osteonecrosis can be successfully induced by absolute ethanol injection. The model can be used to develop new therapeutic modalities.