家庭禀赋、人力资本与城乡女性就业流动研究——来自湖北省的城乡调查数据

Dependence on Family,Human Capital and the Job Floating of Female

本文通过在湖北省调查的4442个城乡女性劳动力样本,分析城市和农村女性劳动力就业流动性的差异,并构建计量经济模型进一步研究女性人力资本变量和家庭禀赋变量对她们是否外出、外出就业流动次数以及回流选择的影响。研究发现,家庭禀赋和人力资本对于城乡女性就业流动性的影响具有较大差异。家庭禀赋变量在农村女性劳动力是否外出就业的选择上发挥着重要作用,而人力资本对城市女性就业流动次数和回流选择的影响更为明显。总体来看,女性是否选择外出就业主要受家庭禀赋变量影响,而一旦女性选择外出就业后,人力资本变量将对其就业流动次数起主要作用。在当前城市劳动力市场中依然存有对女性劳动力的就业歧视,这种歧视削弱了女性的人力资本在就业市场上的竞争力。

Based on 4442 female samples from Hubei provinces,this paper analyze the differences between urban and rural female labor force in job floating,then construct an econometric model to show the affect of human capital variables and family variables on women's job floating.The results indicate that,both the dependence on family and human capital has important influence on the job floating of female,but the degree were quite different between urban and rural female.For rural women,family variables play important role in whether outside working.For urban and rural women,family variables have significant impact on their choice of outside working,once the female choose work outside,the frequency of the job floating mainly affected by the impact of human capital.