阳春砂的开花动态及花粉活力和柱头可授性研究

Study on the Flowering Dynamics Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Amomum villosum

目的:研究阳春砂花粉活力和柱头可授性在开花散粉后的动态变化规律,为提高阳春砂仁坐果率提供基础资料。方法:在景洪市基诺族乡、景哈哈尼族乡和药植所云南分所园内选取10～30个花序,观察其的开花动态,并用悬滴法检测花粉活力(每次用3朵花),用MTT法测定柱头的可授性(用标记的10～30个花序的柱头)。结果:阳春砂一个花序自第一朵开放到最后一朵开完需要3～9d。单花花期一般为1d;花粉在上午11∶00以前均保持较高地萌发率,到中午11∶00以后花粉活力下降,18∶00仍有萌发能力;不同地区柱头可授性差异明显,花序上部小花柱头可授性比下部小花的高,不同花期柱头可授性变化不大。结论:景哈乡阳春砂柱头可授性比基诺乡的高,云南分所园内橡胶树下为最低。

Objective：Testing the dynamic changes of pollen viability and stigma receptivity after flowering,to provide a basis information on increasing fruit set of Amomum villosum.Method：Selecting 10-30 flowers In an inflorescence in Jingha village,Jinuo village and under robber-forest of Yunnan Branch,Institute of midicinal Plant,observed floral dynamic,detected pollen viability with the hanging drop method（three flowers each time）and stigma receptivity with the MTT method（10-30 Stigmas each time）.Result：The Inflorescence flowering since the first flower opening to the last one in an inflorescence of Amomum villosum takes 3 to 9 days.the life span of a flower is generally1 day;Pollen viability in the morning before 11∶00 am maintain a high germination rate,then the pollen viability decrease after 11∶00 am,the pollen viability still has some germination rate till 6∶00pm;Stigma receptivity of different regions is significantly different,flower stigma receptivity of the upper Inflorescence is higher than the lower part of Inflorescence.stigma receptivity has no change in different flowering period.Conclusion：stigma receptivity from high to low is followed by Jingha village,Jinuo village and under robber-forest of Yunnan Branch,Institute of midicinal Plant.