细菌波动试验在检测化学诱变剂中的应用

BACTERIAL FLUCTUATION TEST AND ITS USE IN DETECTION OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENS

本文首先用波动试验对标准阳性诱变剂和氨化、非氨化焦糖的诱变性进行验证;在此基础上对Ames平板试验显阴性的胺菊酯、三氯杀虫酯和杀虫脒等的诱变性进行测试,以评价波动试验的灵敏度和这些化学物的遗传毒性.实验证明波动试验测出叠氮钠对TA100的最低诱变剂量为0.015μg/ml,比平板试验低16倍;测出氨化及非氨化焦糖对TA98的诱变剂量分别为5μl/ml及10μ1/ml,比平板试验低5～10倍;胺菊酯在不加S9时对TA97仅在波动试验中显示诱变性;三氯杀虫酯在加S9时对TA98也仅在波动试验中显示诱变性;波动试验还测出了杀虫脒加S9时对TA97有诱变性.

Bacterial fluctuation test was used to examine the mutagenicity on S. typhimurium of some mutagens, food additives and pesticides. NaN_3, ammoniated and non-ammoniated caramel were positive in TA100 or TA98 in the absence of S9 at the concentration of 0.015μg/ml, 5μl/ml and 10μl/ml respectively, and were 16.5 and 10 times lower respectively than those in Ames assay. A positive response of tetramethrin (50～500 μg/ml) was observed to TA97 in the fluctuation test in the absence of S9, while in the Ames test, it failed to show a positive result in the concentration range of 5～500 μg/plate without S9. Acetofenate was mutagenic to TA98 after metabolic activation by S9 in the fluctuation test, but negative in Ames assay with or without S9. Chlorodimeform revealed its mutagenicity to TA97 in the fluctuation test (200 and 500μg/ml). Therefore, the fluctuation test, in comparison with Ames assay, is considered to have a higher sensitivity in detecting the mutagenicity of chemicals especially those exerting toxicity to bacteria such as acetofenate.