多民族国家的语言政策路径选择及其启示

Choice of Language Policy in Multi-Ethnic Countries and its Inspiration

在当代多民族国家诸项公共政策议程中,语言问题一直是民族统一构设进程中需要处理的重大课题。语言问题处理不当,可能会影响族际和谐与民族统一构设进程。在这种背景下,当代多民族国家分别遵循一元化、双元化和多元化三种路径制定相应的语言政策。多民族国家的语言政策无论是单语政策、双语政策还是多语政策,都需要权衡语言政策与社会稳定的相关性。共同语言的获得将需要一个缓慢而渐进的自然融合过程,需要在语言政策的制定过程中审慎地对待。

At present, among many public policies in multi-ethnic countries, language has been a major issue in the process of nation building. Inappropriate handling of language issue may affect interethnic harmony and the progress of nation building. Under such circumstances, the multi-ethnic countries would respectively choose to implement unilin- gual, bilingual or muhilingual policy. No matter what kind of language policy to implement in a multi-ethnic country, the relations between language policy and social stability must be balanced. It will be a slow and gradual process of natural integration to acquire common language and requires cautious action in formulating the language policy