城市居住区环境性能的评价方法研究

Method for Evaluation Environmental Efficiency in Urban Residential Areas

研究目的:拓展建筑、住宅领域有关环境性能评价的理论和方法,研究其在城市居住区尺度的应用,为全面测评地区环境质量提供参考依据。研究方法:实证分析法,AHP层次分析法,熵值法,因子分析法。研究结果:(1)从环境效率角度出发,利用环境品质和环境负荷之比测评地区环境性能,构建城市居住区环境性能的评价体系。(2)归纳了影响地区环境性能的主要因素:①地区的人群结构特征影响居民对环境品质的评价;②地区的开发特征成为关系地区环境负荷的主要因素;③人们的行为习惯将对地区的环境负荷也产生一定影响。研究结论:提出了改善地区环境性能的基本建议,例如根据地区居民的空间特征,调整和配备相应的购物、交通等设施来提升居民对环境的满意程度;通过调整用地混合类型,加强用地管理,规范租赁市场等手段,以及加强对居民节能行为的宣传倡导等方式来实现对地区环境负荷的控制等。

The purpose of this study is to apply the evaluation methods of environmental efficiency in the field of architecture into the urban residential areas and provide references for improving urban environmental quality. Method employed included AHP, entropy analysis, factor analysis within an empirical analysis in YongTai region, Beijing. The results indicated that （1） an evaluation index of environmental efficiency was built, i.e., the ratio of environmental quality to environmental load; （2） Criteria affecting environmental efficiency were identified, such as the residents＇ characteristics, developing features of the region, and also the residents＇ habits. Accordingly, measures to improve regional environment efficiency were suggested in the conclusion part, such as providing public infrastructures according to residents＇ spatial features, adjusting land-use mix mode, regulating lease market, appealing for an energy conservation life of the residents, and so on.