2007—2010年深圳市沙井街道水痘流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Chickenpox in Shajing Street Block of Shenzhen City from 2007 to 2010

目的及时掌握水痘的流行病学特征,为制定预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法对深圳沙井街道2007—2010年的水痘发病资料采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计和分析。结果 2007—2010年沙井街道累计报告确诊水痘病例1626例,年发病率位于33.95/10万～66.09/10万之间;发生水痘暴发疫情8起,全部在学校和幼儿园,其中突发公共卫生事件2起;呈现秋冬季节高发特点,11月至次年1月是高峰期,最高峰在12月;15岁以下人群水痘发病数占总数的69.99%,15～30岁的人群发病数占报告病例总数的28.48%;学生、散居儿童和托幼儿童占报告病例总数的71.46%,工人发病数占报告病例总数的18.33%;暴发疫情调查发现绝大多数患者无水痘免疫史或免疫史不详。结论沙井街道当前水痘疫情较为严重,而接种疫苗才是控制水痘疫情的最有效手段,建议应在部分地区将水痘疫苗纳入一类疫苗管理,降低水痘疫情的发生。

[Objective]To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox,provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies. [Methods]The data of chickenpox in Shajing street block of Shenzhen city from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. [Results]1 626 cases of chickenpox were reported in Shajing street block from 2007 to 2010,and the annual incidence rates ranged from 33.95/lakh to 66.09/lakh.There were 8 outbreaks of chickenpox,all occurred in schools and kindergartens,and 2 were public health emergencies.The autumn and winter was peak season,which was from November to next January,and the highest peak was in December.69.99% of total cases were people under 15 years old,and 28.48% were people aged 15~30 years old.Students,scattered children and preschool children accounted for 71.46% of the total patients.18.33% of cases were workers.Outbreak investigation showed that most patients had no history of chickenpox immunization or unknown immunization history. [Conclusion]The epidemic situation of chickenpox in Shajing street block is serious,and the vaccination is the most effective means for chickenpox control.It is recommended that chickenpox vaccine should be regarded as the classⅠvaccine management in some areas,so as to reduce the incidence of chickenpox.