原油生物降解过程研究

Studies on the Biodegradation Process of the Crude Oil

为了研究烃类降解菌对原油的作用过程和对原油中主要烃类化合物的降解程度,本文利用筛选的烃类氧化菌以原油为唯一碳源,改变微生物对原油的降解时间,通过原油指纹分析技术定性、定量分析原油降解前后成分的变化情况。实验结果表明:高温烃类降解菌主要降解饱和烃,降解程度与链长度有关。链长度越短越易降解,直链比支链容易降解。随着时间的延长,原油饱和烃的相对含量下降,严重的生物降解可使正构烷烃完全降解。多环芳烃中的萘及其烷基化萘系列的降解也较明显。生物标志物基本不受生物降解的影响。随着时间的延长,原油成分变化明显,原油降解速率与细菌的数量和活性有密切的关系。

In order to study the biodegradation process of the crude oil,the screened high-temperature hydrocarbon degradation bacteria were trained in crude oil as sole carbon source through changing the time of the microbial degradation.The oil composition before and after degradation were investigated by crude oil fingerprint analysis.The results showed that the saturated hydrocarbons of the crude oil was degraded mainly by hydrocarbon degradation bacteria,and the degree of degradation was related to the chain length;the straight-chain hydrocarbons was degraded more easily compared to the branched-chain hydrocarbons;the shorter the chain length of the hydrocarbons was,the more easily the degradation reaction happened;the content of the hydrocarbon decreased with the reaction time prolonged,in the end,N-alkenes were almost completely degraded.Naphthalene and alkyl naphthalene were also degraded obviously;while the biological markers were not degraded basically.During the biodegradation process,the composition of the crude oil changed obviously,and the degradation rate of the crude oil was closely related to the number and the activity of the bacteria.