利用地衣移植法对乌鲁木齐市大气质量的评价

Bio-monitoring of air quality in Urumqi city using lichens transplant method

利用地衣移植法把中国树花移植到乌鲁木齐市7个监测点,用电感耦合等离子光谱直读仪检测中国树花体内8种重金属含量。结果显示,随着移植时间的延长,不同监测点的中国树花体内重金属含量明显增长。Nemerow综合污染指数显示,红雁池(23.79)>钢铁厂(11.87)>开发区(8.07)>儿童公园(6.95)>人民公园(5.93)>动物园(4.91)>水磨沟(4.29)。进一步证实中国树花具有较高的重金属富集能力,对大气污染较敏感,可以作为大气监测指示地衣种类。地衣移植法技术简单、成本低、不需要昂贵的仪器设备、方便监测,适合于城市地衣荒漠区的大气质量评价。

In order to better understand the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of heavy metals in Urumqi,Xinjiang,a lichen species Ramalina sinensis Jatta were transplanted and suspended at 7 different sites in Urumqi.The level of eight heavy metals in Ramalina sinensis Jatta were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that the average contents of investigated heavy metals in lichen samples were obviously increased with increasing the exposure time.The Nemerow pollution index varied as Hoangyanchi（23.79）steel works（11.87）developing area（8.07）children park（6.95）people＇s park（5.93）zoo（4.91）Shuimogou（4.29）.The content of heavy metal in lichens was higher in industrial district and lower in southern parts of Urumqi city and residential area,and it was well correlated with coal consumption and industrial development of city in recent year.The present study provided evidence that the lichen Ramalina sinensis Jatta had perfect bioaccumulation capacity to heavy metals;it was sensitive to air pollution and was suitable to be applied as bio-indicator of air pollution.The lichen transplant method was easy to operate,inexpensive and without the need for expensive instrument and equipment.It was a useful technique to bio-monitoring the air quality of desert area by urban lichens.