从柏拉图“城灵假说”反观国家与教育的关系

The Relationship between the State and Education from the Opposite Perspective of Plato's "Hypothesis of Polis and Soul"

柏拉图在《理想国》中以"城灵假说"的"城邦与个人同构"模型,巧妙地论证了国家教育观。柏拉图认为,人人都有受教育的权利和义务,通过教育的"大众化"使个人的灵魂发生转向,灵魂的三个组成部分各安其位,培养"幸福人;"而国家应该承担培养"好公民"的责任,并令其履行"化大众"的职责,使每个人在城邦中各司其职,从而达成国家的和谐。柏拉图关于个人、教育、国家之间关系的论述,对构建我国现代文化语境下的和谐社会具有重要的启发意义。

Plato wisely argued the view of national education by building an isomorphic model of polis and individual in the ＂Hypothesis of Polis and Soul＂.Plato held that everyone has the right of the obligation to receive education.It helps the conversion of the soul by popularizing education,then the tripartition of the soul is at their own place and thus comes happy person;The state should bear the responsibility of cultivating good citizens,and ensure that they fulfill their duty of ＂cultivate the commonalities＂,then each of them in the polis does their own job and thus comes the harmony of the state.Plato＇s study on the relationship among individual,education and the state is of enlightening significance to build a harmonious society under the background of modern culture in China.