中国城镇不同所有制企业职工收入差距的变化趋势

Earnings Differentials between the Public and the Private Sectors in China

本文利用最新发布的CHIP-2007和CHIP-2002分析了2002年到2007年中国城镇不同所有制企业职工收入差距的变化趋势。我们发现这段时期不同所有制企业的收入差距正在减小，且这种收敛的趋势更有利于非国有企业职工，这与1995年到2002年的变化趋势形成鲜明对比。当我们分解收入差距时，发现个体的特征或能力的差别对于解释收入差距的重要性在显著提高。此外，市场分割对于不同所有制的企业仍然存在，特别对于高收入群体，但有逐步缩小的趋势。

This paper analyzes the changes in public-private sector earnings differentials for local residents in urban China between 2002 and 2007. We find that earnings gaps across ownerships have been reducing during this period and the convergence trend has been in favor of the private and semi-public sectors as opposed to the public sector. This is in sharp contrast to what occurred at the turn of the century, when employees of public administration and enterprises were found to enjoy a very much privileged situation. On the one hand, differ- ences in endowments are found to play a growing role in explaining earnings differentials. On the other hand, although starting to become less an issue, segmentation across ownerships remains important, especially for high-wage earners.