中国高速铁路用钢轨的质量现状及分析

Quality Status and Analysis of the Rail for High-Speed Railway in China

简要介绍中国高速铁路用钢轨标准的先进性和国内钢厂经过改造后的钢轨生产技术。结合近年来钢轨实物质量的抽检结果,采用数理统计的方法,对中国钢轨的质量现状进行分析研究,并与进口的高速铁路钢轨进行了对比。研究结果表明:中国高速铁路用钢轨标准各项指标与欧洲钢轨标准相当;国内4家钢厂经过技术改造之后,生产设备和工艺已处于世界先进水平;国产钢轨的内部和外观质量与进口高速铁路钢轨处于同一质量水平。针对钢轨生产中和使用初期反映出的问题,建议钢厂采取有效措施,减小化学成分范围和波动值;优化轧制和矫直工艺;涂刷防脱碳涂料,减小脱碳层深度;严格执行钢轨质量监督检验机制,进一步提高和稳定钢轨质量。

The rail standard for high-speed railway and the rail production technology of four steel mills in China after the technological transformation were briefly introduced.Combined with the sampling observation results of the rail quality,the quality status of rail was analyzed by mathematical statistics in China.Furthermore,it was compared with rail imported from other countries with advanced technology in high-speed railway.The results show that the rail standards for high-speed railway between China and Europe are equivalent;the production technology and equipment of 4 steel mills in China have come up to the advanced world levels through the technological transformation;the inner and apparent quality of rails produced by our country are equal to imported rails.Aiming at the problems which come from the period of rail producing and using,the effective measures was suggested for improving the quality of rail to a higher level,such as reducing the fluctuation and range of chemical composition,optimizing the process of rolling and straightening,using coating which can prevent decarburization to reduce the depth of decarburization.