珠心算对儿童枕叶偏侧化现象影响的功能磁共振研究

Effect of abacus mental calculation on laterality of occipital in children： a fMRI study

目的探讨接受过和未接受过珠心算训练的儿童执行不同计算任务时枕叶激活情况的异同，并初步探讨枕叶的偏侧化现象。方法17名接受过珠心算训练3年的儿童（训练组）和17名未接受过珠心算训练的儿童（未训练组）在执行加、减、乘、除运算及数物对照试验时行功能磁共振（fMRI）检查，应用SPM2软件对原始图像数据进行处理，对枕叶相关脑区进行定位，利用偏侧化指数（1ateralityindex，LI）分析枕叶的偏侧化现象。结果珠心算训练组儿童在执行四种不同运算任务时运算正确率及反应时间均优于未训练组儿童，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01），未训练组儿童执行4种运算时枕叶u分别为0．35，0．75，0．75，0．29，珠心算训练组儿童枕叶LI分别为-0．15，0．22，0．24，-0．06。结论珠心算训练能明显提高儿童的心算能力，对儿童脑开发有重要作用。珠心算训练组儿童枕叶偏侧化程度较未训练组儿童降低，有利于左右大脑半球平衡发展。

Objective To explore the activation on occipital lobe in children with and without abacus mental calculation training when they engaged in different calculation tasks with functional magnetic resonance ima- ging （fMRI）. Then approach the laterality of occipital lobe in abacus mental calculation. Methods fMRI was performed in children trained with（ trained group）and without（ untrained group） abacus mental calculation（ seven- teen in each group） when they engaged in addition, subtraction, muhiplication, division, and number-object control judging tasks. The data processing and statistical analysis of original image were perfol^ned on SPM 2.0 （ statistical parametric mapping 2.0） and the related-brain functional areas were obtained. The laterality index （LI） was used to assess the laterality of occipital lobe. Results The performance of the trained group with better correctness and shorter reaction time was much better than that of the untrained group （P〈 0.01 ）. The laterality degree of occipital lobe in the trained group （ -0.15,0.22,0.24, -0.06） was lower than that of the untrained group（0.35,0.75, 0. 75,0.29）. Conclusion Abacus mental calculation can obviously enhance the capacity of mental calculation. The laterality degree of occipital lobe in the trained group is lower than that of untrained group. It is conducive to the balanced development of bilateral cerebral hemisphere.