上海地区农民工子女行为问题及家庭影响因素

Behavior problems and family factors in children of off-farm workers of Shanghai

目的研究城市农民工子女的行为问题及影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，用Achenbach儿童行为量表（Achenbach’s Child BehaviorChecklist，CBCL）和人口调查表对上海市宝山区全部7所农民工子女学校小学3～6年级及初中1—3年级学生及其家庭进行调查，共4350人有效完成问卷（95．4％）。结果（1）农民工子女行为问题检出率为11．2％；12～16岁组检出率为12．8％，其中男生14．7％，女生10．4％，男女生之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=7．162，P〈0．05）；独生子女行为问题的检出率11．4％，非独生子女为11．2％，差异无统计学意义（χ2=0．038，P〉0．05）。（2）6—11岁男生CBCL总分[（20．64±17．67）分]及分裂样、抑郁、多动、违纪等因子分高于全国常模，6—11岁女生CBCL总分[（17．23±14．73）分]及分裂样、抑郁、社交退缩、多动、违纪等因子分高于全国常模，12～16岁男生CBCL总分[（20．44±19．32）分]及所有因子分高于全国常模，12—16岁女生CBCL总分[（17．02±16．72）分]及不成熟、违纪、残忍等因子分高于全国常模，均差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。（3）以CBCL总分作为因变量进行多元回归分析，亲子关系分别进入不同年龄性别组的回归方程（P〈0．05）。结论城市农民工未成年子女的行为问题特征与发生率不同于城市儿少。在家庭各危险因素中，亲子关系不良对儿少心理问题的产生影响最显著。

Objective To survey prevalence of behavior problems in children of off-farm workers and effects of family factors on children＇ s behavior problems. Methods The study was done in the whole 7 schools for off-farm workers＇ children in Shanghai Baoshan district,including all 3 - 6 grades students of primary school and 1 - 3 grades students of junior high school. Totally 4350 students finished survey （95.4%）. Achenbach＇ s child behavior checklist （ CBCL, parent＇ s version） and general family questionnaire were used. Results （ l ） Preva- lence of behavior problems in children was 11.2% ; 12.8% 12 ~ 16 years children had behavior problems（ 14.7% boys and 10.4% girls） ; 11.4% of one-child children had behavior problems compared with that of 11.2% child with siblings children （ χ2 = 0. 038, P 〉 0.05 ）. （2） Total score （20.64 ± 17.67 ） and factor scores of thought problems, depressed, hyperactivity, delinquent rule-breaking behavior were higher than those of Chinese norm （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ） among 6 - 11 years boy group. Total score （ 17.23 ± 14.73 ） and scores of thought problems, de- pressed, social problems, hyperactivity, delinquent rule-breaking behavior were higher than those of Chinese norul（P 〈 0.01 ） among 6 -11 years girl group. Among 12 - 16 years boy group, total score （20.44 ± 19.32 ） and all factor scores of CBCL were higher than those of Chinese norm（P〈0.01 ）. Total score （ 17.02± 16.72） and scores of immature, delinquent rule-breaking behavior, brutality were higher than those of Chinese norm （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ） among 6 - 11 years girl group. （3）Multi-regression analysis showed that poor parent-child relationship was the most important predict factor for higher score of CBCL among all family risk factors （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Children of the off-farm workers and their families need special mental health care program.