2Lonergan E ,Britton AM ,Luxenberg J ,et al.Antipsychoticsfor dellrlum[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2007,18(2) : 5594.
3Ely EW, Inouye SK, Bernard GR,et al.Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients:validity and reliability of the confusion assess- ment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-1CU) [J].JAMA, 2001, 286(21) : 2703.
4Kagansky N,Rimon E,Naor S,et al. Low incidence of delirium in very old patients after surgery for hip fractures[J].Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2004,12(3) : 306.
5Mi|iauskas P, Zurauskas A ,Tikuisis R.Characteristics of postopera- tive course in cancer patients[J].Medieina (Kaunas), 2002,38 (2) :40.
6Olin K,Eriksdotter-Jonhagen M ,Jansson A,et al.Postoperative deliri- um in elderly patients 'after major abdominal surgery[J]. Br J Surg, 2005,92(12) : 1559.
3Gallinat J, Moller H, Moser RL, et al. Postoperative delirium:risk factors, Prophylaxis and treatment [J ]Anaesthesist, 1999,48(8): 507-18.
4Gallinat,J ,Moiler H J, Hegerl U. Piracetam in anesthesia for prevention of postoperative delirium[J]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther, 1999, 34 (9) : 520-7.
5Ely EW, Inouye SK, Bernare GR, et al. Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability theconfusion assessment method for the intenseive care unit(CAM-ICU)[J]. JAMA,2001,286(21) :2 703-2 710.
6Kagansky N, Rimon E, Naor S, et al. Low incidence of delirium in very old patients after surggery for hip fractures[J]. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2004,12(3) : 306-14.
7Olin K, Eriksdotter-Jonhagen M,Jansson A. Postoperarive delirium in elderly patients after major abdominal surgery[J]. BrJ Surg,2005,92(12) : 1 159-1 564.
8Fima lenkovsky, Rouald cellona. physostigmine and Hal operidol for the Treatment of Emergence delirium in two Patients[J]. Anesthesiology, 1 999,26(5) : 333- 336.
4David BM, Thomas M, Hemmerling M, et al. Thoracic epidural analgesia in cardiac surgery : impact on postoperative morbidity [ J ]. Techn Reg Anest Pain Manage,2008,12( 1 ) :32-40.
5Takashi KM ,Naritoshi MM, Yong SS, et al. Caudal epidural anesthesia administered intraoperatively provides for effective postoperative analgesia after total hip arthroplasty [ J ]. J Clini Anest, 2007,19 (3) :204- 208.
