陀螺经纬仪在大型航天产品精测中的应用

Application of gyrotheodolite for alignment in large spacecraft installation process

陀螺经纬仪通常是做某一方向与当地大地北向的方位角关系测量用。文章针对"天宫一号"目标飞行器精测中遇到的问题,即高空不同平台间两台设备需要姿态关系测量的需求,通过对陀螺经纬仪测量原理的研究,借助大地坐标系作为中间传递坐标系,解决了经纬仪测量因互瞄被遮挡无法建立基准镜坐标系间关系的问题。测量误差分析结果验证了这种新方法的可行性,该方法可用于大型航天产品设备安装精度的测量。

The gyrotheodolite is a kind of orientation instrument commonly used for determining the azimuth angle relative to the local North.In the AIT process of Tiangong-I target spacecraft,it is required to determine the attitude of two devices at operation platforms of different heights.On that condition,two theodolites may be blocked due to alignment between each other,thus it is unable to set up the relationship between the datum cube mirrors.To solve that problem,the geodetic coordinates are used as a transfer coordinate system to obtain the angle relationships.This new method for gyrotheodolite measurement is shown to be feasible with a satisfactory error analysis result,which can be used for similar precision measurements of large spacecraft.