庄子摆脱命运之困的方法论探讨及其生态解读

Ecological Interpretation of Approaches and Strategies Zhuangzi adopted to Get Rid of the Plight of Fate

庄子认为,人的一生都面临着命运、社会、自我以及环境等带来的难以摆脱的困境。其中,"命"是指一种人力不能干预的外在必然性,命运之困主要是指"死生存亡,穷达贫富,贤与不肖毁誉"的命定性带给人的无可逃避的束缚和困境。庄子对命运之困的解脱方法可以概括为认命安命的基本原则以及安于死生存亡、安于穷达贫富和安于是非毁誉的具体策略。在庄子所采取的摆脱命运困境的种种策略和方法中所贯穿的都是顺物自然的生态学原则。

Zhuangzi argues that everyone is bound to go through the plight of fate, overcome the limits of self and surmount the constraints of society and environment during their lifetime. The fate refers to outside inevitability that can not be intervened by humans, and the plight of fate symbolizes the inevitable constraints and dilemmas brought about by life and death, gains and losses, failure and success, wealth and poverty, worthiness and worthlessness as well as praise and blame. The approaches Zhuangzi has adopted to fight against can be summarized as one general principle and three specific strategies. The principle comes that people take things as they are; more specifically, one should accept his life and death, reconcile himself to his fortune and power, and keep at peace with praise and blame as well. Yet what is passing through all of them is the ecological principle of following the natural course of life.