从“段”和“股”的泛化看量词泛化的一般途径

The Generalization Path of Classifiers: A Case Study of ‘Duan' and ‘Gu'

汉语量词多存在着泛化现象。量词"段"的泛化过程为:从空间离散物到空间连续物,从空间物到时间物,从自然物到文化物,从具体物到抽象物。量词"股"的泛化过程为:从固体离散物到固体连续物,从固体物到流体物,从客体物到主体物,从具体物到抽象物。这两个量词的泛化过程反映了量词泛化的一般途径。其促动因素是隐喻、转喻、图式转换、常规意象。

Many Chinese classifiers have their own generalization paths. The generalization process revealed by ＇duan＇ is as follows： it develops from spatial discrete objects to spatial continuum, from spatial to temporal objects, from natural to cultural objects, from concrete to abstract objects. The generalization process revealed by ＇gu＇ is as follows： it develops from solid discrete objects to fluid continuum, from solid to fluid objects, from objective to subjective objects, from concrete to abstract objects. The generalization process of ＇duan＇ and ＇gu＇ shows the generalization path of classifiers. The motivating factors include metaphors, metonymies, schema transformations and conventional images.