新疆南部不同类型内脏利什曼病流行区媒介白蛉监测

Surveillance of intermediary sandflies of visceral leishmaniasis in different epidemic areas of Southern Xinjiang

目的了解新疆南部不同类型内脏利什曼病部分流行区媒介白蛉动态。方法选择库尔勒砾漠地带、喀什古老绿洲农业区和伽师荒漠农业区作为监测点;3种类型监测点采用粘性油纸法、诱蛉灯法、捕蛉管人工捕集法和白布灯照诱引法捕集白蛉;对捕集的白蛉观察密度、鉴定蛉种并检查雌蛉自然感染前鞭毛体。结果喀什、伽师和库尔勒捕蛉管人工捕集法白蛉密度分别为34.83、27.69和0.73只/人工小时;喀什解剖白蛉860只,其中吴氏白蛉占77.6%,长管白蛉占22.4%。伽师解剖白蛉604只,均为吴氏白蛉;库尔勒解剖白蛉11只均为亚历山大白蛉;吴氏白蛉是喀什古老绿洲农业区和伽师荒漠农业区夜间在有灯光的户外和人房外墙活动的优势蛉种;长管白蛉是喀什古老绿洲农业区白天主要在人房内和畜舍内活动的优势蛉种,夜晚也可在人房外墙捕到;亚历山大白蛉是库尔勒砾漠地带的优势蛉种。结论喀什和伽师白蛉密度甚高,应根据各自的特点,采取有效方法控制传播媒介,降低人群内脏利什曼病发病率。

Objective To understand dynamic media sandflies in different epidemic areas of visceral leishmaniasis in Southern Xinjiang.Methods Korla gravel desert areas,Kaxgar ancient oasis agricultural areas and Jiashi desert agricultural areas were selected as monitoring points.Three types of monitoring methods of using viscosity oil-paper,light trap sinica law,arrest sinica tube and white artificial light trap method were taken to entice and trap sandflies.Density of the captured sandflies were observed,species were identified and the female naturally infected with promastigote was examined.Results Density of sandflies in Kaxgar,Korla and Jiashi were 34.83,27.69 and 0.73 per labor hour.There were 860 sandflies dissected in Kaxgar,including Phlebotomus wui accounted for 77.6%,and Phlebotomus longiductus for 22.4%.In Jiashi,604 sandflies were dissected,all of Phlebotomus wui.In Korla 11 sandflies of Phlebotomus alexandri were dissected.Phlebotomus wui was the dominant species in Kaxgar ancient oasis agricultural area and on wall outside room or outdoor with light at night in agricultural area of Jiashi.Phlebotomus longiductus was the preponderant species in Kaxgar ancient oasis agricultural area and at room and livestock shed during the day,which could also be caught on the wall outside room at night.Phlebotomus alexandri was the dominant species in Korla gravel desert areas.Conclusions The density of sandflies is high in Kaxgar and Jiashi.Effective control measures should be strengthened according to their own characteristics to reduce incidence of visceral leishmaniasis.