文化旅游创新体系的结构与性质研究

A Study on the Structure and Properties of Cultural Tourism Innovation System

如何提升创新能力是中国旅游业实现产业转型和升级需要解决的关键问题。因为旅游业产业结构的复杂性,所以产业内部创新行为的表现形式也会有很大差异。文化旅游创新主要不是技术创新,而是要以文化创新为基础,达到旅游的创新与发展。文化旅游创新体系在结构和运行机制上都体现为文化与旅游融合的二元复合体系,具有创新目标与成果的双重性、二元核心创新主体、双重价值导向,是双重核心模式。鉴于此,应注意文化创新和文化旅游产品创新的差异,建立协调市场机制和公共管理机制的创新管理体制,充分发挥旅游地居民与旅游企业的积极性。

While China＇s tourism industry is developing quickly, its low economic benefits and social benefits mainly caused by a lack of innovation can＇t be ignored. Thus, it is very crucial to explore how to enhance the innovation capability for Chinese industrial restructuring and upgrading of tourist industry. Because of the complexity of tourism industrial structure, the forms of expression of innovative behavior within the industry vary sharply. As an integration of cultural resources and tourism, cultural tourism involves culture, economics, politics and other fields. It has some characteristics such as systematic-ness and complexity, which means it needs to run systematically to improve its innovative capacity and maintain its lasting appeal or creativity. Cultural tourism innovation is not mainly technological innovation. It is based on cultural innovation with the aim of realizing the innovation and development of tourism. Cultural tourism innovation consists of two aspects：firstly, it is the innovation of a cultural tourism destination itself. Namely, cultural connotations constantly enrich and extend by themselves. Secondly, it is the externalization of cultural connotations. The innovation of a cultural tourism destination means the development of cultural Connotations itself. Then, the externalization of a tourism destination＇s cultural connotations frequently refers to the innovation of product mix. Both aspects interact and influence each other to promote the development of cultural tourism. Cultural innovation is the core of cultural tourism innovation. In fact, the nature of cultural innovation makes the characteristics of cultural tourism innovation different from other innovation. These characteristics are mainly listed in the following： innovation of culture; sociality and public property; the innovation of social formation; the consistency among innovation, participation and experience. Cultural tourism innovation system, based on the relevant concepts and frameworks, refers to the networks of different levels formed during the interaction between each other, on the basis of the entire social system or regional system. All the participants of cultural tourism act as the subjects. With social, cultural and public purposes, cultural tourism innovation system involves the formation or architecture of innovation, including elements or linkages as the means of collaborative innovation or development. Its basic framework is primarily made up of two main parts, which are the main subjects participating in the innovation and the network system of interaction. The subjects include the substantive elements that have a structure of social entity and directly play an innovative role. Innovation network system refers to the organic structure formed through the interactions among innovative activities, and political, economic, natural, and social factors. The subjects interact with various factors of the network system, which could form different functional structures and systems. In the meantime, they influence the efficiency of the entire innovation system. Cultural tourism innovation system revolves around cultural innovation and the innovation of tourism products on the basis of culture. On the whole, cultural tourism innovation system is the integration of culture and tourism, which has the dualism of goals and results, dual core of the innovation subjects and double value orientation. It means that the innovation of cultural tourism should not only follow market rules while meeting tourists＇ consumption demand, but also conscientiously stick to the rule of cultural development. Because of this, we should pay attention to the difference between cultural innovation and cultural tourism product innovation, set up the scientific innovative ideas of cultural tourism, establish innovation management system to help coordinate market mechanism and public management mechanism, and then give full play to the initiative of the residents and tourist enterprises.