桂西北岩溶地区11种常见桑科植物生理特性比较

A comparison of physiological characteristics of eleven common Moraceae species in karst areas of Northwest Guangxi, South China

为筛选适合岩溶地区经济开发和植被恢复的优良物种,采集了桂西北岩溶地区11种常见桑科植物的叶片,测定其可溶性总糖、脯氨酸含量等14个生理指标。研究发现:不同桑科植物的生理特性有明显差异,叶绿素含量最高的是榕树,最低的是小叶榕;可溶性糖含量最高的是桑树,最低的是大叶榕;脯氨酸含量最高的是桑树,最低的是黄毛榕;不同树种的其他生理指标,如抗氧化酶活性、水溶性蛋白、细胞膜透性等也存在明显的差异。结果表明:桑科植物对岩溶环境具有复杂的适应机制和不同的生存策略,在岩溶地区植被恢复过程中,必须根据土壤的理化背景及不同物种的生物学特性,考虑物种之间的合理配置;适合石山植被恢复的优良树种为:构树、大叶榕、小叶榕、柘树和薜荔;适合作为野果资源开发的树种为黄毛榕和青果榕;适合作为经济作物进行规模化经营的树种为无花果和桑树。

In order to select excellent plant species suitable for economic development and vegetation restoration in karst areas, the leaves of 11 common Moraceae plants growing in karst areas of Northwest Guangxi were collected, with their 14 physiological indices such as soluble sugar and proline contents determined. There existed obvious differences in the physiological characteristics among the plants. Ficus hispida had the highest chlorophyll content but F. microcarpa had the lowest one. The soluble sugar content was the highest for Morus alba but the lowest for F. virens. M. alba contained the highest proline content but F. esquiroliona had the lowest one. There were also obvious differences in other physiological indices, e.g., antioxidant enzyme activities, water-soluble protein, and membrane permeability, among the plant species. All of these indicated that Moraceae plants had complicated adaptation mechanisms and survival strategies to fit the karst environment. It was suggested that in the process of vegetation restoration in karst areas, a reasonable configuration of different species should be considered based on the soil physical and chemical background and the plant biological characteristics. The preferred plant species suitable for rocky hill vegetation rehabilitation would be Broussonetia papyrifer, F. virens, F. microcarpa, Cudrania tricuspidata and F. pumila, the species suitable for wild fruit resources development would be F. esquiroliona and F. variegata var. chlorocarpa, and those suitable for scale management of cash crops would be F. carica and M. alba.