基于适宜性分析与GIS的长沙市大河西先导区城市绿道网络设计

Greenway network design of Great West River Pilot Area in Changsha City, Hunan Province of South-central China based on suitability analysis and GIS

绿道对改善城市形态、保护生态环境具有非常重要的作用,也是生态城市建设领域的热点研究课题之一。然而,目前国内的绿道设计方法因主观性过强、不够科学合理而不具有普遍推广性。本研究在地理信息系统(GIS)的技术支持下,通过因子选择、权重确定、适宜性分析、可达性分析和绿道网络确定共5个步骤的适宜性分析,以"长株潭"城市群"两型社会"建设示范区——长沙市大河西先导区作为研究对象,开展了城市绿道网络设计研究。结果表明,结合GIS和适宜性分析的绿道网络设计方法,因为对数据要求不高、操作简单、评价过程科学、结果明确,可以成为今后国内绿道网络的设计方法;在先导区规划设计了3条以综合功能为基础、各具特色的绿道网络,能够有效改善先导区的城市形态与环境质量,并能为类似区域的绿道工程设计提供参照。

Greenway construction plays very important roles in improving urban form and protecting its ecological environment, being one of the hot points in ecological research. However, for most places in China, the present greenway’s planning methods cannot be popularized due to the defect of excessive subjectivity and the shortage of scientificity and rationality. In this paper, suitability analysis was adopted to study the urban greenway network design, taking the Great West River Pilot Area in Changsha City as the object and under the support of GIS. The suitability analysis includes five steps, i.e., 1） selection of evaluation factors and determination of evaluation criteria, 2） calculation of the factors weights, 3） assessment of site suitability, 4） assessment of accessibility, and 5） delineation of greenway networks. The Pilot Area is located in the west side of Changsha City, as a ＂Two-Oriented Society＂ （resource-conserving and environment-friendly society） demonstration area of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Urban Agglomeration. The results showed that the greenway network design with the combination of GIS and suitability analysis could be used as a design method for greenway network construction in the future, due to its less demand on related data, simplified operation, scientific evaluation process, and well-defined results. Three greenway networks with integrated functions and their own characteristics in the Pilot Area were designed, which could improve the urban form of the Area and its environmental quality, and provide a reference for the greenway project design in similar regions of China in the future.