基于能值理论的东祁连山森林生态系统服务功能价值评价

Ecological services value of forest ecosystem in eastern Qilian Mountains based on emergy theory

运用能值分析理论与方法对祁连山北坡东段的哈溪林区森林生态系统能值流以及生态服务功能价值进行了估算。结果表明:研究区森林生态系统输入能流高于输出能流,处于能量积累的过程中,低质能量通过能量流动向高质能量转化,生态系统处于较为安全的生长环境中;生态服务功能能值货币价值估算结果为有机质生产、涵养水源、土壤保持、CO2固定、净化空气5项生态系统服务功能总能值为9.35×1021sej,总能值货币价值为7.77×108US$,涵养水源和土壤保持两项功能的能值货币价值明显高于其他服务功能,各项服务功能总价值大小顺序依次为:涵养水源>土壤保持>净化空气>有机质生产>CO2固定;涵养水源是哈溪林区森林生态系统最重要的生态服务功能,其能值货币价值占总能值货币价值的69.6%,各植被类型中灌木林提供的能值货币价值最大,而单位面积提供的能值货币价值最高的是乔木林。

By using emergy analysis theory and method, this paper analyzed the emergy flow and ecological value of the forest ecosystem in Haxi area in eastern part of Qilian Mountains’ northern slope. In the study area, the input energy flow of forest ecosystem was larger than the output energy flow, indicating that the energy was accumulating in the forest ecosystem. Through energy flow, low-quality energy transformed into high-quality energy, and the environment of the ecosystem was relatively safe. The total emergy of five ecological services, including organic matter production, water conservation, soil maintenance, CO2 fixation, and air purification was 9.35 ×1021 sej, and the total emergy monetary value was 7.77×108 US$. The emergy monetary value of water conservation and soil maintenance was apparently higher than that of other services. The monetary value of each service was in the order of water conservation soil maintenance air purification organic matter production CO2 fixation. Water conservation was the most important ecological service in the study area, and the proportion of the emergy monetary value of water conservation was 69.6%. Among different vegetations, shrub land had the largest value of water conservation, while arbor forest had the largest value of water conservation per unit area.