矿山废弃地生态修复过程中基质改良与植被重建研究进展

Substrate amelioration and vegetation reconstruction in ecological remediation of abandoned mines: Research advances

国民经济的发展离不开矿产资源的开发,而矿产资源的开发又不可避免要破坏矿区原有的生态环境,形成大量矿山废弃地。因此,矿山废弃地生态修复问题是国民经济可持续发展过程中亟待解决的任务。本文从矿山废弃地生态修复与重建内涵的发展开始,着重分析了矿山废弃地生态修复与重建过程中的基质改良(包括表土覆盖、物理、化学改良、生物改良和废弃物人工基质改良技术)与植被重建(植被自然演替模式、植被种类选择和植被修复作用),并对今后矿山废弃地生态修复的发展趋势进行了探讨。

Mining industry contributes to economic growth, but inevitably causes environmental damage and produces large amount of wasteland. Therefore, ecological remediation of mine wasteland is an urgent task for the sustainable development of economy and society. This paper introduced the connotation of ecological remediation and reconstruction, and reviewed the research progress on the substrate amelioration, including surface soil cover, physical, chemical, and biological amelioration, and artificial substrate amelioration, and the vegetation reconstruction of mine land, including natural succession model of vegetation, selection of suitable plant species, and significance of vegetation remediation. The development trend of ecological remediation of mine wasteland in the future was also discussed.