2Vercaigne L M,Sitar D S,Penner S B,et al.Antibiotic-heparin lock:in vitro antibiotic stability combined with heparin in a central venous catheter[J].Pharmacotherapy,2000,20(4):394-399.
4Chaiyakunapruk N,David L V,Lipsky B A,et al.Vascular CatheterSite Care:The Clinical and Economic Benefits of Chlorhexidine Gluconate Compared with Povidone Iodine[J].Clinical Infectious Diseases,2003,37(6):764-771.
二级参考文献19
1Mermal LA. Prevention of Intravascular catheter related infections[J]. Ann Intern Meal,2000,132(5):391-402.
2Soufir L,Timsit JF,Mahe C,et al. Attributably morbidity and mortality of catheter-related septicemia in critically ill patients:a matched,riskadjusted,cohort study[J]. Infect Contr Hospit Epidemiol,1999,20(6): 396-401.
3Clinical Practice Guidelines on prevention of Central Venous Catheterrelated infections[S]. Central Committee on Intensive Care ,Hospital Authority, Hong Kong, 2006.
4中华医学会重症医学分会.血管内导管相关感染的预防与治疗指南(2007)[s].
5O'Grady NP,Alexander M,Dellinger EP. Guidelines for the prevention of intravasculat catheter-related infections[J]. MMWR Recommandation Rep,2002,51 (RR-10):1-29.
6Soni BA,Rogers G,Valenti A,et al. Catheter-related blood stream infection rates in a mixed medical-surgical ICU population before and after the implementation of a central line bundle[J]. Cbest,2008,134: s3003.
7Central Line Bundle[OL]. http://www.ihi.org.
8Raad II,Hohn DC,Gilbreath BJ. Prevention of central venous catheterrelated infections by using maximal sterile barrier precautions during insertion[J]. Infect Contr Hospit Epidemiol, 1994,15(4 pt 1):231-238.
9Maki DG,Ringer M,Alvarado CJ. Prospective randomized trial of povidone-iodine alcohol,and chlorhexidine for prevention of infection associated with central venous and arterial catheters[J]. Lancet,1991,338: 339-343.
10Mermel LA,McConnick RD,Springman SR,et al.The pathogenesis and epidemiology of catheter-related infection with pulmonary artery swangarnz catheters: a prospective study utilizing molecular subtyping[J]. Am J Med, 1991,91 (supp):s197-s205.
