影响产妇无痛分娩人口统计学和心理社会因素分析及干预措施

DEMOGRAPHIC AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS OF PAINLESS DELIVERY PUERPERAE AND ITS INTERVENTION MEASURES

目的探讨瑞安市产妇无痛分娩率较低的人口统计学和心理社会因素,为有关部门制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用群体抽样方法抽取2011年6-9月住院分娩产妇1620例作为研究对象,其中200例产妇实施无痛分娩。对所有产妇进行面对面问卷调查,调查内容包括人口统计学变量和分娩意愿等心理社会因素。结果无痛分娩率为23.3%。无痛分娩与某些人口学特征(如学历、职业、受教育程度、收入、居住地、有无医疗保险等)有关联,还和产妇对无痛分娩的认识有关。经单因素分析后选出P<0.05的变量进行多因素分析显示,产妇的较高学历、白领职业、参加了医保以及产妇对于无痛分娩的安全认识是无痛分娩的保护因素。结论可针对产妇人口统计学特征以及为无痛分娩的认识开展健康教育,促进无痛分娩的开展,提高自然分娩率。

Objective To understand the incidence of painless delivery rate of Ruian city and to explore some factors affecting the lower painless rate in an attempt to provide a scientific basis for effective interventions making for the relevant departments. Methods A total of 1 620 parturient women admitted from June to September in 2011, were selected using randomly chester sampling, in which a retrospective analysis of painless delivery was made in 200 cases. A questionnaire survey face to face was carried out among all the puerperas. The content of survey included some psychosocial factors, like demographical variable and their wish of delivery. Results At present, the painless delivery rate was 23.3%, and such a low painless delivery rate was closely related to some demographic characteristics（ such as educational background, occupation, educational level, income, residence, etc. ）and was also related to maternal awareness of the painless delivery. After univariate analysis, the variables of which P 〈 0. 05 were selectedand and subjected to a multivariate analysis. The results show that puerperae＇of higher education, the profession of white - collar, puerperae participated in the medicare and the safety awareness of the puerperae＂ painless delivery are protective factors of painless delivery. Conclusion Popularization of painless delivery knowledge, correct understanding of its pros and cons and strict control of cesarean section indication are expected to reduce the rate of cesarean section and promote painless delivery.