“V来”和“V到”的替换条件及认知动因

The Substitution Condition and Cognitive Motivation of“V lai”and“V dao”

"V来"和"V到"的共性是[+位移],"V来"凸显[+立足点][+方向][+目标][+客体位移][+过程],认知方式是[+简括扫描][+散点透视];"V到"凸显[-立足点][-方向][+终结][-客体位移][+结果],认知方式是[+渐次扫描][+焦点透视]。"V来"受"来"趋向性的限制,总体上是表趋向的结构,因而属动趋式;"V到"受限少,语法化程度高,虚化到可以表[+时间][+程度],因而属动结式。二者的句法、语义条件交叉对立。基于路径图式的认知动因,是联结和贯穿句法、语义的内在制约因素。这种认知动因及各种语义特征分析,可以应用于动趋式、动结式的对比分析及动趋式其它成员的研究。

Structure ＂V lai＂ and ＂V dao＂ both indicate motion, Structure ＂V lai＂ highlights the semantic feature of ＂foothold＂,＂direction＂,＂target object motion＂ and ＂process＂ which holds the cognitive motivation called ＂summary scanning＂ and ＂scattering perspective＂. While structure ＂V dao＂ highlights the semantic feature of ＂no foothold＂ ,＂no direction＂,＂termination non object motion＂ and ＂result＂,and at the same time holds the cognitive motivation called ＂sequential scanning＂ and ＂focus perspective＂. ＂Vlai＂ is a directional structure as a whole since it is restricted by directional verb ＂lai＂,thus belong to verb-direction construction. ＂V dao＂,with little restriction,is a highly grarmnaticalized and highly subjunctive structure which can describe time and degree,thus belong to verb-resuh construction. The syntax and semantics condition of the both are overlapping and contrary, but it is the internal motivation based on the path schema that links and penetrates the syntax and semantics. This way of analysis can be applied to the comparative analysis of the two constructions and the other members of verb-direction construction.