国际组织在政策转移中的作用研究——以UNDP参与中国小额信贷政策为例

Roles of International Organizations in Policy Transfer: The Participation of the UNDP in the Micro-Credit Policy in China

随着中国逐渐成为国际治理结构中的重要组成部分,国际组织反过来在中国政策变迁中也扮演着越来越重要的角色。本文通过辨析超国家组织的"超国家性"和国际组织的"国际性",提出了国际组织在跨国政策转移过程中的特殊作用。在实证上,文章研究了联合国发展计划署(UNDP)在中国小额信贷政策制定中的作用。UNDP在最近十多年间有策略地向中国政府推介小额信贷扶贫政策的过程中扮演着信息传播者、政策试验室和政策顾问三方面角色。另外,国际组织在对发展中国家的政策转移的消极影响主要表现为对发展中国家的政策主权和政策价值的冲击。

With China gradually becoming an important component in global governance,international organizations have,in turn,played increasingly significant roles in policy changes in China.This article identifies distinction between 'supra-national organizations' and 'international organizations',suggesting unique functions of international organizations in transnational policy transfer.Empirically,the article investigates the roles of the United Nations Development Programme(UNDP) in the decision making process of Micro-Credit Policy in China.In recent years,the UNDP strategically proposed the micro-credit institutions for China's aid-the-poor policy,acting as information communicator,policy laboratory,and policy consultant.In addition,the negative effects of policy transfer to developing countries by international organizations can be manifested in the impact on policy sovereignty and policy value of related developing countries.